What is one use of DNA barcoding?

• A. Creating genetically modified organisms
• B. Identifying species and verifying labels on products
• C. Sequencing the human genome
• D. Cloning animals for research purposes

Answer: (B)

DNA barcoding is a molecular technique used to identify and differentiate species based on short, specific sequences of DNA known as barcodes. These sequences are typically taken from a standardized region of the genome that is conserved across different species, making it easier to accurately classify and identify organisms.

This method is particularly valuable in verifying labels on products, such as seafood or herbal supplements, where mislabeling can occur. For instance, DNA barcoding can confirm the species of a fish being sold as a certain type, helping to ensure consumer trust and protect biodiversity by preventing the sale of illegal or overfished species.

In contrast, creating genetically modified organisms involves inserting specific genes into an organism's genome to confer desired traits, which is distinct from identification purposes. Sequencing the human genome refers to mapping the entire sequence of human DNA, a more comprehensive and complex process than DNA barcoding. Cloning animals for research purposes focuses on duplicating whole organisms rather than identifying them, which highlights a different application of genetic technology. Thus, the role of DNA barcoding in species identification and product verification is paramount and illustrates its practical applications in modern biotechnology.