In biotechnology, how can vertebrate DNA be utilized?

• A. By isolating it without any modifications
• B. By combining it with DNA from bacteria
• C. By discarding it as waste material
• D. By placing it in soil for plant growth

Answer: (B)

Vertebrate DNA can be effectively utilized by combining it with DNA from bacteria, a process that plays a crucial role in various biotechnological applications, particularly in genetic engineering. This technique, known as recombinant DNA technology, involves the insertion of vertebrate gene sequences into bacterial plasmids or vectors, allowing for the production of proteins that may be identical or similar to those produced by vertebrates. For example, this method is commonly employed in the pharmaceutical industry to produce human proteins, such as insulin, in bacterial systems that can replicate and express these proteins efficiently.

This approach not only facilitates the study of vertebrate genes and their functions but also enables the development of novel biopharmaceuticals and therapeutic agents. Additionally, by using bacteria as a host, researchers can take advantage of their rapid growth rates and ability to produce large quantities of the desired proteins, thereby driving innovation in medical and agricultural biotechnology.

The other options highlight misconceptions regarding the potential use of vertebrate DNA in biotechnology. Isolating DNA without modification limits its utility, while discarding it as waste fails to recognize its value in research and medicine. Placing vertebrate DNA in soil for plant growth does not capitalize on the genetic engineering techniques used in biotechnology to enhance crop traits or productivity.