How can biotechnology contribute to sustainable agriculture?

• A. By increasing water consumption in plants
• B. By developing crops that require fewer chemicals or have higher resistance to environmental stress
• C. By promoting monoculture practices
• D. By enhancing soil fertility through chemical fertilizers

Answer: (B)

Biotechnology significantly contributes to sustainable agriculture primarily through the development of crops that require fewer chemicals and possess higher resistance to environmental stress. This approach allows for the creation of plants that can thrive in less-than-ideal conditions, reducing the dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which can be harmful to both the environment and human health.

Genetically engineered crops can be designed to have traits such as drought tolerance, pest resistance, and nutrient efficiency. For example, crops can be modified to express certain proteins that enhance their ability to withstand pests or diseases, thereby decreasing the need for synthetic pesticides. Similarly, varieties that require less water can help mitigate the effects of droughts, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change.

This advancement not only improves crop yields but also promotes biodiversity and ecosystem health, which are integral aspects of sustainable agricultural practices. By reducing the reliance on chemical inputs and enhancing plant resilience, biotechnology helps farmers minimize their environmental impact while still meeting the growing global food demand.